Cools too quickly and crystals have no time to form

When a molten material is rapidly cooled, the atoms do not have enough time to arrange into a regular lattice and are eventually frozen in a disordered but stable state.

Transparency comes from electronic structure

Ordinary glass absorbs less visible light, and light can pass through the material; after adding different metal oxides, the absorption range changes, and various colors will appear.

Glass can also be engineered

Processes such as tempering, lamination, chemical strengthening and glass-ceramics are changing the way cracks propagate, making glass more suitable for buildings, mobile phones and high-temperature equipment.