The next stop for solid-state batteries: from interface contact to large-scale manufacturing

Inside the solid-state battery, the positive electrode, solid electrolyte and negative electrode no longer rely on liquid infiltration to fill the microscopic gaps. The contact state between materials, space charge layer, and volume changes during circulation will directly affect ion transport and safety.

When the focus shifts from the peak performance of a single cell to mass production, the windows for coating, lamination, sintering and inspection become equally important. The next stage of competition will increasingly occur at the intersection of material formulation and process collaboration.

The sulfide route has higher room temperature ionic conductivity, the oxide route is more attractive in terms of air stability, and polymers and composite electrolytes may find breakthroughs in flexibility and processability. No one route can solve all problems by itself.